Mains Marathon

Approach

Start your answer by giving a brief about the blue economy. Discuss the significance of the blue economy. Discuss the measures India has undertaken to foster its growth. Conclude accordingly.

Answer:

The concept of the blue economy revolves around sustainable and responsible utilization of ocean resources, while also preserving the health and well-being of marine ecosystems.

• The global ocean economy was estimated to be worth around $1.5 trillion in 2020, contributing to approximately 2.5% of the world's gross value added.

The importance of the blue economy:

• Economic Growth and Employment: India's coastline spans over 7,500 kilometers and is home to numerous coastal communities. The blue economy can create jobs and livelihoods, particularly in sectors like fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, and shipping.
  • Example: The fishing industry employs millions of Indians and contributes significantly to the national economy. As per NITI Aayog, the fisheries sector contributes about 1.07% to India's Gross Value Added (GVA).
• Food Security: With a growing population, ensuring food security is crucial. The blue economy, including fisheries and aquaculture, provides a substantial portion of the protein intake for millions of Indians.
  • Example: A study by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) estimates that the marine fish production in India reached 3.56 million tons in 2020, providing vital nutrition to millions of people.
• Renewable Energy Potential: India's coastline and exclusive economic zone have significant potential for offshore wind, tidal, and wave energy generation. This can help diversify the energy mix, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and mitigate climate change.
  • Example: The National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) in India has identified several potential offshore wind energy sites along the coast, highlighting the country's renewable energy potential.
• Tourism and Coastal Infrastructure: India's coastal areas attract tourists for their natural beauty and cultural heritage. The blue economy can promote sustainable tourism development, improving local economies and infrastructure.
  • Example: The "Sagarmala" initiative in India aims to modernize ports and coastal infrastructure, enhancing connectivity and promoting tourism along the coastline.
• Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology: India's marine ecosystems harbor diverse species with potential applications in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Exploration and sustainable utilization of marine genetic resources can lead to economic gains.
  • Example: Research institutions like the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) have been studying marine organisms for their biotechnological potential, including the development of novel drugs.
• Climate Resilience: Coastal ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs act as natural barriers against climate change impacts. Investing in their conservation and restoration contributes to both economic and environmental resilience.
  • Example: The "National Mission for Clean Ganga" includes efforts to restore and protect the Ganges River basin and its ecosystems, highlighting the importance of preserving water bodies.
• International Trade and Connectivity: Maritime trade is essential for India's international connectivity and trade relations. Developing ports and maritime infrastructure can enhance global trade and economic interactions.
  • Example: The "Sagarmala" initiative also focuses on port-led development, aiming to harness India's coastline for economic growth and international trade.

Measures India has undertaken to foster its growth:

Measures	Examples and Schemes	Best Practices
1. Fisheries and Aquaculture	- Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana: Aims to enhance fish production, modernize infrastructure, and boost fish exports.	- Promoting sustainable fishing practices to prevent overexploitation.
	- National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB): Supports sustainable aquaculture practices and technology adoption.	- Implementation of guidelines for responsible aquaculture to prevent environmental degradation.
2. Maritime Infrastructure	- Sagarmala Programme: Focuses on port-led development, enhancing port connectivity, and coastal community welfare.	- Integrated approach to planning, minimizing environmental impacts of infrastructure projects.
	- Bharatmala Pariyojana: Enhances Road and highway connectivity to ports, improving trade and transport.	- Incorporating climate resilience measures in infrastructure design.
3. Marine Renewable Energy	- National Offshore Wind Energy Policy: Sets guidelines for offshore wind energy projects along the coastline.	- Collaboration between government, industry, and researchers to identify suitable sites.
	- Kochi Offshore Wind Project: India's first offshore wind project, contributing to renewable energy goals.	- Monitoring and mitigating potential impacts on marine ecosystems.
4. Coastal and Marine Tourism	- Swadesh Darshan Scheme: Develops theme-based tourist circuits along coastal areas, promoting sustainable tourism.	- Emphasizing community involvement for responsible tourism development.
	- Blue Flag Certification: Awards clean and sustainable beaches, encouraging environmental conservation in tourist destinations.	- Waste management and pollution control measures for tourist hotspots.
5. Marine Biodiversity Research	- National Biodiversity Authority (NBA): Regulates access to genetic resources and promotes benefit-sharing.	- Establishing a legal framework for equitable utilization of marine genetic resources.
	- Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Addresses conservation, sustainable use, and equitable sharing of benefits from biodiversity.	- Collaboration with international organizations for cross-border resource management.
6. Blue-Tech Innovation	- Ocean Services, Technology, Observations, Resources Modelling and Science (O-SMART): Supports Ocean technology development.	- Incubators and accelerators for nurturing marine technology startups.
	- National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT): Focuses on indigenous technology development for marine applications.	- Integration of cutting-edge technology like robotics and sensors for marine research.
7. Climate Change Resilience	- National Mission for Clean Ganga (Namami Gange): Aims to rejuvenate the Ganges River and its ecosystem.	- Integrating nature-based solutions like wetland restoration and afforestation to enhance resilience.
	- Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Regulations: Ensures sustainable development along coastal areas and protects sensitive ecosystems.	- Incorporating climate change projections into coastal planning and infrastructure design.

With visionary initiatives and a steadfast commitment to sustainability, India has embarked on a transformative journey that redefines the boundaries of economic growth. As the waves of progress lap against its shores, India's blue economy stands as a testament to the harmonious coexistence of prosperity and preservation.